Mountaineering Essential Kit Guide

Mountaineering is one of those adventures that stays with you for a lifetime. The thrill of reaching a summit, the camaraderie with your climbing partners, and the raw beauty of the mountains-it’s all unforgettable. But let’s be honest: the mountains can also be tough, unpredictable, and sometimes downright dangerous. That’s why having the right kit isn’t just a good idea-it’s essential.

Mountaineering is about more than just climbing a mountain. It’s a blend of hiking, scrambling, climbing, and sometimes even skiing, all with the goal of reaching a summit. It can be as simple as a walk up a snowy hill or as technical as scaling an icy ridge. The one thing all mountaineers have in common? A love for adventure-and a deep respect for the mountains.

Let’s break down the essential gear you’ll need, with tips on how to choose the right kit for your adventure.

Your boots are arguably the most important bit of kit you’ll own. They need to be warm, waterproof, and compatible with crampons.

• Mountaineering Boots → Look for boots rated B1, B2, or B3. B1 is fine for easier summer routes, but for winter or technical climbs, you’ll want B2 or B3 boots. Make sure they fit well-blisters can ruin a trip!
• Top Tip → Try boots on with the socks you’ll wear in the mountains, and walk around the shop (or your house) to check for pressure points.

Crampons are metal spikes that attach to your boots, giving you grip on ice and hard snow.

• Choosing Crampons → Make sure they match your boot’s rating. Strap-on crampons fit most boots, but step-in or hybrid crampons are best for technical climbs.
• Don’t Forget → Always practice putting them on and off before you hit the hills.

An ice axe isn’t just for climbing-it’s also a vital safety tool for self-arrest if you slip.

• General Mountaineering Axes → Great for walking and basic climbing.
• Technical Ice Tools → Needed for steeper, more technical routes.
• How to Choose → The axe should reach your ankle when held at your side..

Mountaineering helmets are designed to protect your head from two main dangers: falling debris (like rocks or ice) and direct impacts from slips or falls. Unlike industrial helmets, which are built for different hazards, mountaineering helmets must meet the EN 12492 safety standard, ensuring they offer proper protection for climbing and mountain environments

Features to Look For → Lightweight, well-ventilated, and comfortable enough to wear all day.

Your outer jacket is potentially the most important piece of kit you will invest in as this will be your protective layer against the elements. It will keep you comfortable whilst keeping the rain, snow and wind out. When mountaineering, quality fabric is the first thing you should consider. It should be highly waterproof, breathable and durable, without being too heavy. Look for a jacket with a waterproof rating of 20,000mm or up for protection all day in extreme weather. GORE-TEX Pro fabric, used by many brands, is an example of a fabric that offers an excellent combination of durability and performance. Check out our Waterproof Buying Guide for more info.

You’ll need at least two jackets: one for protection, one for warmth.

• Hardshell Jacket → Waterproof and windproof, with a helmet-compatible hood.
• Insulated Jacket → Down or synthetic, for warmth during stops or cold weather.

Have a read of our guide on How To Choose An Insulated Jacket for more info.

Your legs need protection too!

• Mountaineering Trousers → Tough, water-resistant, and flexible.
• Salopettes → Bib-style trousers for extra protection in deep snow or wet conditions.

When you are choosing mountaineering legwear, there are some important features to look for:

• Re-inforced durable knee and seat patches – to avoid scuffs and scratches from rocks and ice.
• Stretchy material or articulated knees for essential freedom of movement.
• Waterproof/windproof fabric – depending on the weather conditions you’ll be facing.
• Kick patches on the ankles – to avoid crampon puncture.
• Braces – for a secure and comfortable fit.
• Full length or ¾ length vented zips for ventilation or comfort breaks.
• Minimal pockets or accessible pockets for when you are wearing a harness.
• Look for a fit that lets you layer thermal leggings underneath in the coldest weather.

Tackling winter conditions can be demanding and exposed areas such as the hands need to be protected to avoid losing body heat - or worse suffering frostbite. Choosing between a glove and a mitt can make all the difference. Or better still, carry both or some spare pairs.

This is where things get a bit more specialist.

• Harness → Adjustable for layering over bulky clothes.
• Rope → Dynamic rope for climbing; dry-treated is best for wet conditions.
• Carabiners → A mix of locking and non-locking.
• Belay Device → For abseiling and belaying.
• Prusik Loops & Slings → For rescue and setting up anchors.
• Ice Screws & Snow Anchors → For technical or glacier routes.

The little things matter too.

• Backpack → 35–45 litres is ideal for most trips.
• Headtorch → With spare batteries-essential for early starts or emergencies.
• Navigation → Map, compass, GPS (and know how to use them!).
• First Aid Kit → Include blister plasters and a survival blanket.
• Sunglasses/Glacier Glasses → Protect your eyes from snow glare.
• Gaiters → Keep snow and debris out of your boots.
• Trekking Poles → For stability on rough ground.
• Water Bottles/Hydration System → Aim for at least 1.5 litres.
• Snacks → High-energy, easy-to-carry foods.
• Bivvy Bag/Emergency Shelter →Just in case you get stuck.
• Sun Protection → High SPF sunscreen and lip balm.